Present Simple Tense
Tenses
There are 5 fundamental tenses in Turkish. These are:
Present simple tense (Geniş zaman)
Present continuous tense (Şimdiki zaman)
Future tense (Gelecek zaman)
Past tense with -di (-di'li geçmiş zaman) --> Regular past tense
Past tense with -miş (-miş'li geçmiş zaman) --> Also called the story past tense
Present simple tense (Geniş zaman)
The present simple tense is used, very much ike the one in English:
To make general statements
Water boils at 100 degrees. --> Su 100 derecede kaynar.
To mention things you do regularly
I run every morning. --> Her sabah koşarım.

Present simple tense is used only for verbs, it is not meaningful for nouns and adjectives.

Present simple tense of a verb is constructed this way:
verb root + ir or er + present tense to be

The suffix for constructing the present simple tense of a verb is not always the same. The suffix is sometimes -ir, sometimes -er. This is the only tense with this irregularity, but there are certain rules that will tell you which one to choose most of the time. The rules that will help you choose which one of -ir or -er to use as suffix are as follows:
If the verb ends with a vowel, the vowel of the suffix falls and you add only -r.
ara-r --> arar --> he calls
oku-r --> okur --> he reads
If the verb has more than one syllable, use -ir
kapat-ir --> kapatır --> he closes
konuş-ir --> konuşur --> he talks
If the verb has only one syllable:
If the vowel of this syllable is 'a' or 'e' and if the verb ends with 'l', 'n' or 'r' then use -ir
gel-ir --> gelir --> he comes
ver-ir --> verir --> he gives
Use -er for the other single syllable cases
git-er --> gider --> he goes
koş-ar --> koşar --> he runs
Now, let's look at how the present simple tense is used with different personal pronouns:
English Turkish
Example 1
to come --> gelmek
i come (ben) gelir-im --> gelirim
you come (sen) gelir-sin --> gelirsin
he
she | comes
it /
(o) gelir
we come (biz) gelir-iz --> geliriz
you come (siz) gelir-siniz --> gelirsiniz
they come (onlar) gelir-ler --> gelirler
Example 2
to talk --> konuşmak
i talk (ben) konuşur-im --> konuşurum
you talk (sen) konuşur-sin --> konuşursun
he
she | talks
it /
(o) konuşur
we talk (biz) konuşur-iz --> konuşuruz
you talk (siz) konuşur-siniz --> konuşursunuz
they talk (onlar) konuşur-ler --> konuşurlar

The negative of present simple tense is a little different than just adding the negative-making suffix -me. Construction of negatives of present simple tense is given in the table below. The negative-making suffix becomes -mez except for I and we. Moreover, when negative suffix is used, the present simple tense suffix is not used.
English Turkish
Example 1
to come --> gelmek
i don't come (ben) gel-me-im --> gelmem
you don't come (sen) gel-mez-sin --> gelmezsin
he
she | doesn't come
it /
(o) gel-mez --> gelmez
we don't come (biz) gel-me-iz --> gelmeyiz
you don't come (siz) gel-mez-siniz --> gelmezsiniz
they don't come (onlar) gel-mez-ler --> gelmezler